Chapter2SpeechSounds.doc

(ans),&,,whichiscalled‘ics’andthengoontothestudyofsoundpatternscalled‘phonology’.Thestudyofsoundsisdividedinto3areas:(1)ics发音语音学(2)ics听觉语音学(3)(ans)ansconsistmainlyofthelungs,windpipe,thethroat,(1)Thepharyngealcavity--Thevocalcords(vocalfolds)areeither(a)apart(b)closetogetheror(c)totallyclosedWhenthevocalfoldsareapart,:[p][t][s]Whentheyareclosetogether,:[b][d][z]Whentheyaretotallyclosed,noaircanpassbetweenthemandtheresultistheglottalstop(?).Thusthesoundisinaudible,.(2)Theoralcavity--Thetongue(thetip,theblade,thefront,thebackandtheroot),thesoftpalate(velum),thehardpalate,theuvula,thealveolarridge,theteethandthelips.(3)Thenasalcavity--Thesoftpalatemaybeloweredsothattheaircangothroughthenasalcavity,(声道),—Intheproductionofthewordegg,werecognize2soundsegments[e]and[g]foreandg,theothergissilent;lakehas3soundsegments[l][ei]and[k]forl,a,andk,---TheEnglishspellingdoesn’,asghispronouncedas[f]inenough,oas[i]inwomenandtias[∫]:.            Aletterrepresentsdifferentsounds. lame /